Sense assumpte
Dma Oct 28 18:39:37 CET 2008
industrial societies=2C the authors of this book uncover quantifiable
patterns of use of energy and materials=2C population densities=2C land
use and working time. They try also to distinguish possible from
impossible futures. For instance=2C is it plausible to think of a world
of nine billion people with an energy expenditure of 300 GJ and a
material use of 16 tons per capita/year? Are we on the contrary on
the verge of a socio-ecological transition with new technologies that
will reduce energy and material use in the rich economies even if
this implies economic de-growth? </span>
</p>
<p style=3D"margin-bottom: 0cm=3B" align=3D"justify" lang=3D"en-GB"><br>
</p>
<p style=3D"margin-bottom: 0cm=3B" align=3D"justify"><span lang=3D"en-GB">T=
he
transition needs a reform of financial institutions. The imaginative
selling of derivatives (financial =93products=94)=2C and the existence
of unregulated offshore banking=2C have taken a knock in public
opinion. Sensible proposals are made by moderate political forces to
turn banking into a public service. Beyond this=2C the crisis provides
an opportunity for thinking about the </span><span lang=3D"en-GB"><i>real-r=
eal</i></span><span lang=3D"en-GB">
economy. Taxes at origin on the extraction of resources to finance an
environmentally sustainable society should be introduced. There is
need to reduce energy consumption and the use of materials by rich
people. With the economic crisis=2C </span><span lang=3D"en-GB"><i>la
d=E9croissance est arriv=E9e </i></span><span lang=3D"en-GB">in
Europe=2C the United States=2C Japan at least for 2008 and 2009.
Frivolous calls for population growth in order to increase employment
that will help pay for old age pensions=2C are not at all convincing
from an ecological point of view=2C or even from a financial point of
view as rates of unemployment increase. This is an opportunity for
starting a socio-ecological transition. </span>
</p>
<p style=3D"margin-bottom: 0cm=3B" align=3D"justify" lang=3D"en-GB"><br>
</p>
<p style=3D"margin-bottom: 0cm=3B" align=3D"justify"><span lang=3D"en-GB">I=
n the
rich countries=2C we should move towards Sustainable Degrowth. </span><span=
lang=3D"fr-FR">This
means Socially Sustainable Economic Degrowth=2C </span><span lang=3D"fr-FR"=
><i>la
d=E9croissance =E9conomique socialement soutenable. </i></span><span lang=
=3D"en-GB">Social
Ecology=2C Human Ecology=2C and Ecological Economics provide figures on
physical indicators. There is no dematerialization. In some
countries=2C not only the absolute amount of materials but also
material intensity (tons of materials / GDP) has been increasing
indicating more pressures on the environment. Convergence to a
European average of 16 tons per person/year (only materials=2C water
not counted here) would multiply Material Flows in the world by
three=2C with the present population.</span><font style=3D"font-size: 28pt=
=3B" size=3D"6"><span lang=3D"en-GB">
</span></font><span lang=3D"en-GB">Economies can be characterized by
such Material Flows. We may analyze patterns of external trade. While
South America exports six times as many tons as it exports=2C the
European Union imports four times as many tons as it exports. We can
understand characteristic patterns of social conflicts=2C for instance
mining conflicts or oil extraction conflicts=2C or international
conflicts because of unequal access to carbon dioxide sinks (oceans)
or temporary =93reservoirs=94 (atmosphere).</span><font style=3D"font-size:=
28pt=3B" size=3D"6"><span lang=3D"en-GB">
</span></font><span lang=3D"en-GB">We know that energy use per capita
is increasing. Convergence towards 300 Gigajoules per capita/year in
a European pattern would mean to multiply by 5 the present energy in
the world economy. If gas and especially coal are used=2C this would
also multiply by 4 or 5 the carbon dioxide produced. The HANPP is
also increasing =96 human appropriation of net primary production of
biomass. Population growth=2C soil sealing=2C meat eating=2C paper
production=2C and agro-fuels increase the HANPP. The higher the HANPP=2C
the less biomass available for other species. </span><span lang=3D"en-GB">F=
or
20 years=2C the orthodox slogan was Sustainable Development. This meant
(Brundtland Report=2C1987) economic growth that is environmentally
sustainable. </span><span lang=3D"en-GB">We know however that economic
growth is not environmentally sustainable.</span></p>
<p style=3D"margin-bottom: 0cm=3B" align=3D"justify" lang=3D"en-GB"><br>
</p>
<p style=3D"margin-bottom: 0cm=3B" align=3D"justify"><span lang=3D"en-GB">T=
</span><span lang=3D"ca-ES">he
feminist movement made clear decades ago that GDP does not value what
is not in the market=2C like unpaid domestic work and voluntary work. A
society rich in "relational goods and services" would have
a lower GDP than an (impossible) society where personal relations
would be exclusively mediated by the market. The Sustainable Degrowth
movement insists on the non-chrematistic value of local=2C reciprocal
services. Moreover=2C economists (or rather=2C psychologists) now agree
that above a certain threshold =3BGDP growth does not lead
necessarily to greater happiness. This research updates the
literature on the so-called Easterlin Paradox. Therefore=2C GDP should
no longer have the dominant position in politics that now has=2C to the
detriment of environmental and social considerations.</span></p>
<p style=3D"margin-bottom: 0cm=3B" align=3D"justify" lang=3D"en-GB"><br>
</p>
<p style=3D"margin-bottom: 0cm=3B" align=3D"justify" lang=3D"en-GB">At firs=
t
sight=2C Southern countries have something to lose and little to gain
from Degrowth in the North because of fewer opportunities for
commodity and manufactured exports=2C and less availability of credits
and donations. But=2C the movements for Environmental Justice and the
=93environmentalism of the poor=94 of the South are the main allies
of the Sustainable Degrowth movement of the North.=20
</p>
<p style=3D"margin-bottom: 0cm=3B" align=3D"justify" lang=3D"en-GB"><br>
</p>
<p style=3D"margin-bottom: 0cm=3B" align=3D"justify"><span lang=3D"en-GB">T=
hese
movements complaint against disproportionate pollution (at local and
global levels=2C including claims for repayment of the =93carbon
debt=94)=2C they complaint against waste exports from North to South
(e.g. the =93Clemenceau=94 and so many other ships to the wreaking
beaches of Alang in Gujarat=2C or electronic waste)=2C they complaint
against biopiracy=2C and also against </span><span lang=3D"en-GB"><i>Raubwi=
rtschaft</i></span><span lang=3D"en-GB">=2C
i.e. ecologically unequal exchange=2C and the destruction of nature and
human livelihoods at the =93commodity frontiers=94. They also
complain against the socio-environmental liabilities of Transnational
Companies. These movements combine livelihood=2C social=2C economic and
environmental issues=2C with a strong emphasis on issues of extraction
and pollution. In many instances they draw on a sense of local
identity (indigenous rights and values such as the sacredness of the
land) but they also connect easily with the politics of the left.
However=2C the traditional left in southern countries still tends to
see environmentalism as a =93luxury of the rich=94. Nevertheless=2C
such movements are of the left insofar as they tend to position
themselves in opposition to corporate power=2C and often to the
coercive forces of the state =96 indeed these organizations have
often been formed explicitly to oppose annexation of land=2C forests=2C
mineral resources and water by governments or business corporations.
They set their =93moral economy=94 in opposition to the logic of
economic expansion at the =93commodity frontiers=94 of oil=2C mineral
and wood extraction=2C defending biodiversity and their own livelihood.</sp=
an></p>
<p style=3D"margin-bottom: 0cm=3B" align=3D"justify" lang=3D"en-GB"><br>
</p>
<p style=3D"margin-bottom: 0cm=3B" align=3D"justify"><span lang=3D"en-GB">T=
here
must</span><span lang=3D"en-GB"> be a confluence among conservationists
concerned with the loss of biodiversity=2C the many people concerned
with climate change who push for solar energy=2C the socialists and
trade unionists who want more economic justice in the world=2C urban
squatters who preach =93autonomy=94=2C agro-ecologists=2C neo-rurals=2C and
the large peasant movements=2C the pessimists (or realists) on the
risks and uncertainties of technical change (post-normal science)=2C
and the movements of the Environmentalism of the Poor and
environmental justice that demand the preservation of the environment
for livelihood. These</span><span lang=3D"en-GB"> international
environmental justice movements have a clear objective: to have an
economy that sustainably fulfils the food=2C health=2C education and
housing needs for everybody and provides as much </span><span lang=3D"en-GB=
"><i>joie
de vivre </i></span><span lang=3D"en-GB">as possible. The know in their
bones and in their brains that conventional economic accounting is
false=2C that it forgets the physical and biological aspects of the
economy=2C the value of unpaid domestic and voluntary work=2C and it does
not really measure the welfare and happiness of the population. What
is needed is an Aristotelian </span><span lang=3D"en-GB"><i>buen vivir</i><=
/span><span lang=3D"en-GB">
(as the World Social Forum proclaims) guided by oikonomia rather than
chrematistics. </span>
</p>
<p style=3D"margin-bottom: 0cm=3B" align=3D"justify" lang=3D"en-GB"><br>
</p>
<p style=3D"margin-bottom: 0cm=3B" align=3D"justify" lang=3D"ca-ES"><br>
</p>
<p style=3D"margin-bottom: 0cm=3B" align=3D"justify" lang=3D"ca-ES"><br>
</p>
<div id=3D"sdfootnote1">
<p class=3D"sdfootnote"><a class=3D"sdfootnotesym" name=3D"sdfootnote1sym"=
href=3D"#sdfootnote1anc">1</a><span lang=3D"en-GB">
M. Ficher-Kowalski and H. Haberl eds.=2C </span><span lang=3D"en-GB"><i>So=
cioecological
Transitions and Global Change. Trajectories of Social Metabolism and
Land Use</i></span><span lang=3D"en-GB"> (preface by J.
Martinez-Alier)=2C Edward Elgar=2C Cheltenham=2C 2007. </span>
</p>
</div>
<br><br><br><br><pre>Subject: Bancos!!!=3D"Los verdaderos ladrones legales"=
<br><br>>=3B El pr=F3ximo 15 de Noviembre se reunir=E1n los l=EDderes mun=
diales para<br><br>>=3B preparar un nuevo plan contra la crisis.<br>>=
=3B <br>>=3B Salvar de la crisis a los bancos de Estados Unidos ha costad=
o 700.000<br>>=3B millones de d=F3lares=3B !! 5 veces m=E1s de lo que apr=
ob=F3 la ONU para<br>>=3B alcanzar los Objetivos del Milenio !!. Y las ay=
udas europeas son a=FAn<br><br>>=3B mayores. =A1=A1=A1=A1Es una verg=FCen=
za!!!!<br>>=3B <br>>=3B En Espa=F1a el gobierno le da 100.000 millones =
de euros a los mismos<br>>=3B bancos que est=E1n desahuciando a muchas fa=
milias por no poder pagar la<br>>=3B hipoteca.<br><br>>=3B <br>>=3B H=
ace meses miles de personas salimos a la calle por una vivienda digna<br>&g=
t=3B y ya<br> advert=EDamos del peligro de la burbuja inmobiliaria. Ahora q=
ue ha<br>>=3B estallado =BF la vamos a pagar nosotrxs?<br>>=3B <br>>=
=3B Durante a=F1os se han forrado y ahora anuncian despidos=2C recortes<br>=
>=3B salariales=2C cierres de empresas=2C 'aparcar' el protocolo de<br><b=
r>Kioto=85<br>>=3B <br>>=3B Est=E1 claro que los grandes partidos gobie=
rnan para la banca y que los<br>>=3B grandes sindicatos no van a rechista=
r =A1Si hasta los han felicitado los<br>>=3B banqueros y empresarios! Sol=
o la gente de a pie podemos denunciarlo.<br><br>>=3B <br>>=3B Privatiza=
n los beneficios y socializan las p=E9rdidas. =BFSe creen que<br>>=3B som=
os tontxs? =BFLo vamos a permitir? Claro que no.<br>>=3B <br>>=3B El pr=
=F3ximo s=E1bado=2C 15 de noviembre a las 17:00 horas saldremos a la<br><br=
>>=3B calle en todas las ciudades.<br>>=3B <br>>=3B Tenemos tiempo y =
capacidad suficiente para difundirlo y organizarnos.<br>>=3B Da igual si =
invitan a Zapatero pero nosotrxs tenemos que colarnos en<br>>=3B esa<br> =
Cumbre..<br>>=3B <br>>=3B PASAL=D3=2C TRADUCEL=D3=2C ADAPTAL=D3 Y QUE T=
IEMBLE LA RED!!!! (y la Banca)<br>>=3B <br>>=3B =A1=A1=A1 LA CRISIS QUE=
LA PAGUEN ELLOS!!!<br>>=3B <br>>=3B Lugares de concentraci=F3n:<br>>=
=3B <br>>=3B - A Coru=F1a: Plaza de Maria Pita<br><br>>=3B <br>>=3B -=
Alacant: Explanada de Espa=F1a=2C frente a la Rambla de M=E9ndez N=FA=F1ez=
<br>>=3B <br>>=3B - Albacete: Plaza del Altozano=2C donde esta la gorda=
con la rosa que<br>>=3B parece un polo!<br>>=3B <br>>=3B - Almeria: =
Plaza Circular<br><br>>=3B <br>>=3B - =C1vila: Plaza del Chico<br>>=
=3B <br>>=3B - Aviles: Plaza de Espa=F1a<br>>=3B <br>>=3B - Badajoz: =
Plaza de San Francisco<br>>=3B <br>>=3B - Barcelona: Pla=E7a Catalunya<=
br>>=3B <br>>=3B - Bilbo: Centro Civico de La Bolsa (C/ Pelota - Casco =
Viejo - Bilbao)<br><br>>=3B <br>>=3B - Burgos: Plaza Mayor<br>>=3B <b=
r>>=3B - C=E1ceres: Plaza Mayor<br>>=3B <br>>=3B - C=E1diz: Plaza de =
San Juan de Dios<br>>=3B <br>>=3B - Castello: Pla=E7a de la Independ=E8=
ncia<br>>=3B <br>>=3B -<br> Ciudad Real: Parque del Torreon<br>>=3B <=
br>>=3B - C=F3rdoba: Plaza de las Tendillas<br>>=3B <br>>=3B - Elx: P=
la=E7a Baix<br>>=3B <br>>=3B - Gij=F3n: Plaza del Parch=EDs<br>>=3B <=
br>>=3B - Granada: Fuente de las Batallas<br>>=3B <br><br>>=3B - Grau=
s: Plaza Espa=F1a<br>>=3B <br>>=3B - Huesca: Plaza Navarra<br>>=3B <b=
r>>=3B - Ja=E9n: Plaza de la Constituci=F3n<br>>=3B <br>>=3B - Las Pa=
lmas de Gran Canaria: Parque Santa Catalina<br>>=3B <br>>=3B - Le=F3n: =
Plaza de San Marcelo<br><br>>=3B <br>>=3B - Madrid: Puerta del Sol<br>&=
gt=3B <br>>=3B - M=E1laga: Plaza de la Constituci=F3n<br>>=3B <br>>=
=3B - M=E9rida: Plaza de Espa=F1a<br>>=3B <br>>=3B - Murcia: Glorieta d=
e Espa=F1a<br>>=3B <br>>=3B - Palencia: Plaza Mayor<br><br>>=3B <br>&=
gt=3B - Pamplona- Iru=F1ea: Plaza del Castillo<br>>=3B <br>>=3B - Salam=
anca: Plaza Mayor<br>>=3B <br>>=3B - San Sebasti=E1n- Donostia: Jardine=
s de Alderdi Eder<br>>=3B <br>>=3B - Santa Cruz de Tenerife: Plaza de l=
a Candelaria<br><br>>=3B <br>>=3B - Santander: Plaza<br> del Ayuntamien=
to<br>>=3B <br>>=3B - Santiago de Compostela: Praza do Obradoiro<br>>=
=3B <br>>=3B - Segovia: Plaza del Azoguejo<br>>=3B <br>>=3B - Sevilla=
: Plaza Nueva<br>>=3B <br>>=3B - Soria: Plaza de Herradores<br>>=3B <=
br><br>>=3B - Teruel: Plaza del Torico<br>>=3B <br>>=3B - Toledo: Pla=
za de Zocodover<br>>=3B <br>>=3B - Valencia: Pla=E7a Ajuntament<br>>=
=3B <br>>=3B - Valladolid: Plaza Mayor<br>>=3B <br>>=3B - Vigo: Puert=
a del Sol<br>>=3B <br>>=3B - Vitoria-Gasteiz: Plaza de la Virgen Blanca=
<br><br>>=3B <br>>=3B - Zaragoza: Plaza del Pilar<br>>=3B <br>>=3B =
(Si no est=E1=2C a=F1ade tu ciudad...)<br>>=3B <br>>=3B Julia<br>------=
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