[Deuda-QdQ] Traducción preguntas frecuentes sobre Bretton Woods II
"Luis Glez Reyes. Ecologistas en Acció
"Luis Glez Reyes. Ecologistas en Acció
Jue Oct 23 17:11:27 CEST 2008
Nos encargamos en Ecologistas.
Luis
Iolanda Fresnillo escribió:
> Hola
>
> Nos piden si hay alguien con tiempo y ganas para traducir al español
> el siguiente texto, sobre la posible futura conferencia para reformar
> la arquitetura financiera internacional. Si hay alguien, que me envie
> un mail a mi directamente ...
>
> gracias
>
> iolanda
>
> Bretton Woods II conference FAQs
>
> 23 October 2008
>
> As the world's most powerful leaders propose a global economic reform
> summit -- a Bretton Woods II -- Eurodad publishes a guide to what is
> being planned, what it means, and what civil society groups are demanding
>
> 1. What was the original Bretton Woods conference?
>
> In June 1944, 44 governments met for 22 days in Bretton Woods, New
> Hampshire, U.S.A. at a meeting known as the United Nations Monetary
> and Financial Conference. The meeting was intended to agree a new
> institutional architecture to improve inter-governmental economic and
> monetary cooperation after the war. It gave birth to the International
> Monetary Fund and World Bank. It was also supposed to initiate the
> International Trade Organisation, but this was not ratified by member
> governments until the 1990s, when the World Trade Organisation was
> established.
>
> 2. Who has called for a new conference?
>
> Several political leaders have gone public with demands for a Bretton
> Woods II. Heads of Government from 11 Commonwealth countries issued
> the Marlborough House Statement on Reform of International
> Institutions
> <http://www.thecommonwealth.org/shared_asp_files/GFSR.asp?NodeID=180214>,
> in June. This called for wider international support for an
> international conference to redefine the purposes and governance of
> the Bretton Woods Institutions. The statement was signed by leaders
> from Guyana, Mauritius, Maldives, Sri Lanka, Tonga, Trinidad and
> Tobago, Uganda, United Kingdom, Tanzania, Ghana, and Malaysia. In
> September, French President Nicolas Sarkozy called for a "global
> summit" to rebuild "regulated capitalism". This was reiterated in
> mid-October in the G8 leaders Statement on the Global Economy
> <http://www.imf.org/external/np/cm/2008/101508.htm>, calling for a
> "leaders" meeting with key countries at an appropriate time in the
> near future to adopt an agenda for reforms to meet the challenges of
> the 21st century." US president George W. Bush and UN Secretary
> General Ban Ki-Moon have more recently added their voices to these calls.
>
> 3. Where will the new BW conference take place?
>
> While there are expected to be a series of summits, the first will
> take place in Washington. Parallel to this, however, on October 21,
> the President of the General Assembly announced the appointment of
> economics Nobel Laureate Professor Joseph Stiglitz as the Chair of a
> high-level task force to review the global financial system, including
> major bodies such as the World Bank and the International Monetary
> Fund (IMF). The composition and the precise terms of reference of the
> task force will be announced soon after the Interactive Panel on the
> Global Financial Crisis to be held in the United Nations on 30 October
> 2008. In addition, the Doha meeting for financing for development has
> also raised the possibility of a "a major international conference to
> review the international financial and monetary architecture and
> global economic governance structures
> <http://www.un.org/esa/ffd/doha/draftoutcome/index.htm>".
>
> 4. When will the new BW conference take place?
>
> George Bush announced on October 22 that the first meeting will take
> place on November 15. A series of summits is likely to follow,
> although their date has not yet been announced. Civil society
> organisations and some officials argue that refounding the Bretton
> Woods system cannot be done simply at one meeting (the first meeting
> took 22 days). This first meeting should simply initiate a longer
> inter-governmental process. Meanwhile, other groups are pushing for at
> least an outcome to initiate a more inclusive process from the Doha
> meetings on Financing for Development at the end of November.
>
> 5. Which governments will be invited to the new BW conference?
>
> The formula will be "G-7 plus". In announcing the summit, US President
> George Bush said that summit would bring together members of the G-20.
> The G-20 is made up of the G-7 plus Argentina, Australia, Brazil,
> China, India, Indonesia, Mexico, Russia, Saudi Arabia, South Africa,
> South Korea, Turkey, and the European Union. The IMF and the World
> Bank also participate in G-20 meetings. The G-20 was set up to respond
> to the financial turmoil of 1997-99 through the development of
> policies that "promote international financial stability". The G-20
> comprises countries considered to be systemically important, but omits
> over 170 governments (192 governments are members of the United Nations).
>
> 6. What issues and institutions will be up for discussion at the
> proposed meeting?
>
> There is no official agenda for the meeting as yet. German Chancellor
> Angela Merkel and French President Nicolas Sarkozy said "Bretton Woods
> II" should bring about "genuine, all-encompassing reform of the
> international financial system". The Council of the European Union
> sees the meeting as "tak[ing] early decisions on transparency, global
> standards of regulation, cross-border supervision and crisis
> management, to avoid conflicts of interest and to create an early
> warning system, so as to engender confidence among savers and
> investors in every country." In announcing the meeting, the
> spokesperson for US President George Bush said that "leaders will
> review progress being made to address the current financial crisis,
> advance a common understanding of its causes, and, in order to avoid a
> repetition, agree on a common set of principles for reform of the
> regulatory and institutional regimes for the world's financial
> sector". UK Prime Minister Gordon Brown, in a mid-October speech, set
> out several principles. These include transparency (internationally
> agreed accounting standards, credit insurance market standards),
> integrity (credit agencies, executive pay), responsibility (board
> member competency and expertise), sound banking practice (protecting
> against speculative bubbles).
>
> For the new international architecture Brown and others are discussing
> an effective global early warning system for risk prevention, globally
> accepted standards to supervise cross-border capital flows, and the
> activities of global firms, stronger institutions for cooperative
> action in crises. For CSOs it will be important that equity as well as
> stability is discussed at the conference and that fairer rules are
> developed for aid, debt, trade, investment, taxation and capital
> flight. The governance of the international financial institutions
> must be radically changed.
>
> 7. What is the link between the BW conference and other
> inter-governmental processes such as the UN Financing for Development
> (FfD) process or the regular G-7/G-8 processes?
>
> There is no formal link -- the proposed BWII conference is /ad hoc/.
> However the implicit link to the G-20 process is strong, with no clear
> link with any UN processes. In fact Ban Ki-Moon offered the UN as the
> meeting place for the first meeting in New York, but the US refused.
> UN officials within the FfD secretariat have also been pushing
> publicly for making links to the FfD process, and civil society have
> been pushing for such a meeting under the auspices of the UN. The G77
> and Rio Group are supposedly in favour of such a move, while the G24
> are hesitant to push a process through the UN. Regardless, there is a
> danger that the smaller meeting will in fact reinforce the power of
> the G-7 and the G-20, and further undermine the more inclusive UN FfD
> process which will have its summit in Doha from November 29 - December
> 2. UN Secretary General Ban Ki-Moon has commented: ''I strongly
> believe that holding the summit at the United Nations, the symbol of
> multilateralism, will lend universal legitimacy to this endeavour and
> demonstrate a collective will to face this serious global challenge".
> In Geneva, UNCTAD Secretary General Supachai Panitchpakdi also said
> that the UN and a wider variety of countries should play a significant
> role in talks to reshape the international financial system so that it
> can better cope with spreading turmoil and a looming worldwide recession.
>
> 8. What civil society statements have been issued on the Bretton
> Woods Institutions and the current process?
>
> A new statement, prepared by organisations from across the world,
> calls for an opening of the process to discuss solutions for the
> world's financial system.
> Statement on the proposed "Global Summit" to reform the international
> financial system <http://www.choike.org/bw2/>. Sign it by 28 October.
>
> Previous civil society calls to abolish or transform the international
> financial institutions include:
>
> *
>
> The time has come, let's shut down the financial casino
> <http://banglapraxis.wordpress.com/2008/10/16/the-time-has-come-lets-shut-down-the-financial-casino/>
>
> *
>
> Tax Havens, Creating Turmoil, Tax Justice Network (PDF)
> <http://www.taxresearch.org.uk/Documents/CreatingTurmoil.pdf>
>
> *
>
> Response from the South to the World Economic Crisis
> <http://www.venezuelanalysis.com/analysis/3879>
>
> *
>
> Latin American and Caribbean Social Movements Demand Immediate
> Actions
> <http://www.debtweek.org/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=137&Itemid=1>
>
>
> *
>
> The global economic crisis: An historic opportunity for
> transformation <http://casinocrash.org/?p=235>
>
> *
>
> Nouveau Bretton-Woods : on prend les mêmes et on recommence?
> <http://www.ccfd.asso.fr/ewb_pages/i/info_1586.php>.
>
> For more information on which civil society groups are working on the
> World Bank, IMF and related institutions, and what they say,
> see IFIwatchnet <http://www.ifiwatchnet.org/>.
>
> 9. What opportunities for citizens' action exist around the process?
>
> Citizens groups are signing the statement calling for an open process
> <http://www.choike.org/bw2/>. This is a major and rare opportunity to
> make proposals for a new financial architecture. It is an excellent
> time for citizens' groups to make proposals about policies and about
> institutions that are equitable and inclusive and break decisively
> with the current model.
>
> The current economic model and crisis have caused major difficulties
> for citizens worldwide, through unemployment, housing dispossessions,
> rising food and other prices, reduced remittances. These and other
> effects are likely to continue. The depth of the current crisis and
> the fact that it has started in the most liberalised economies in the
> North mean that it provides a rare and important opportunity for
> mobilisation and education towards a more stable, equitable and
> accountable economic model and institutional framework. Without
> citizens' mobilisation little change will come.
>
> About these FAQs
>
> *
>
> Prepared by /European Network on Debt and Development (Eurodad/
> <http://www.eurodad.org/>) and the /Halifax Initiative
> Coalition/ <http://www.halifaxinitiative.org/>.
>
> *
>
> Suggestions for updates/changes to pwood en eurodad.org
> <mailto:pwood en eurodad.org>.
>
>
> --
> Iolanda Fresnillo
> Observatori del Deute en la Globalització
> www.odg.cat
> iolanda.fresnillo en odg.cat
>
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