<html><head><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html charset=windows-1252"><base href="x-msg://207/"></head><body style="word-wrap: break-word; -webkit-nbsp-mode: space; -webkit-line-break: after-white-space; ">Para no olvidarse de la deuda del Sur. Sobre la deuda de Pakistan<div><br></div><div>Iolanda</div><div><br><div>
Iolanda Fresnillo<br><br><a href="mailto:ifresnillo@riseup.net">ifresnillo@riseup.net</a> | <a href="http://twitter.com/ifresnillo">@ifresnillo</a><br><a href="http://iolandafresnillo.wordpress.com">iolandafresnillo.wordpress.com</a> | <a href="http://iolandafresnillofoto.wordpress.com">iolandafresnillofoto.wordpress.com</a>
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<div><br><div>Inici del missatge reenviat:</div><br class="Apple-interchange-newline"><blockquote type="cite"><div style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px;"><span style="font-family:'Helvetica'; font-size:medium; color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 1.0);"><b>De: </b></span><span style="font-family:'Helvetica'; font-size:medium;">"Nick Dearden" <<a href="mailto:nick@jubileedebtcampaign.org.uk">nick@jubileedebtcampaign.org.uk</a>><br></span></div><div style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px;"><span style="font-family:'Helvetica'; font-size:medium; color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 1.0);"><b>Tema: </b></span><span style="font-family:'Helvetica'; font-size:medium;"><b>Drop Pakistan's Debt</b><br></span></div><div style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px;"><span style="font-family:'Helvetica'; font-size:medium; color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 1.0);"><b>Data: </b></span><span style="font-family:'Helvetica'; font-size:medium;">21 de mayo de 2013 19:09:16 GMT+02:00<br></span></div><div style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px;"><span style="font-family:'Helvetica'; font-size:medium; color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 1.0);"><b>Per a: </b></span><span style="font-family:'Helvetica'; font-size:medium;"><<a href="mailto:debt-audits-in-europe@googlegroups.com">debt-audits-in-europe@googlegroups.com</a>><br></span></div><div style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px;"><span style="font-family:'Helvetica'; font-size:medium; color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 1.0);"><b>Respondre a: </b></span><span style="font-family:'Helvetica'; font-size:medium;"><a href="mailto:debt-audits-in-europe@googlegroups.com">debt-audits-in-europe@googlegroups.com</a><br></span></div><br><div style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: medium; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: -webkit-auto; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-size-adjust: auto; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; "><br class="Apple-interchange-newline"> </div><div style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: medium; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: -webkit-auto; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-size-adjust: auto; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; "><font size="2" face="Arial">We are pleased to announce the launch of our Pakistan campaign today. Last week Pakistan elected a new government, but that government's hands will be tied by the steep increase in debt repayments over the next year. Much of this debt is deeply unjust - based on loans which propped up military governments, fuelled war, and created more poverty and inequality.</font></div><div style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: medium; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: -webkit-auto; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-size-adjust: auto; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; "><font size="2" face="Arial"></font> </div><div style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: medium; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: -webkit-auto; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-size-adjust: auto; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; "><font size="2" face="Arial">This campaign is being run with Islamic Relief, and we are looking towards a parliamentary launch, a launch in Pakistan and - we hope - many other countries in coming months. Please take action and get involved. We have hard copy postcards which you can order, as well as the report, and more materials to come.</font></div><div style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: medium; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: -webkit-auto; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-size-adjust: auto; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; "><font size="2" face="Arial"></font> </div><div style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: medium; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: -webkit-auto; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-size-adjust: auto; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; "><font size="2" face="Arial">Nick</font></div><div style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: medium; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: -webkit-auto; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-size-adjust: auto; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; "><font size="2" face="Arial"></font> </div><div style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: medium; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: -webkit-auto; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-size-adjust: auto; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; "> </div><div style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: medium; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: -webkit-auto; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-size-adjust: auto; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; "><font size="2" face="Arial">Take action:</font></div><div style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: medium; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: -webkit-auto; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-size-adjust: auto; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; "><a href="http://www.avaaz.org/en/petition/Cancel_Pakistans_Debt_2/?eKzSxeb"><font size="2" face="Arial">http://www.avaaz.org/en/petition/Cancel_Pakistans_Debt_2/?eKzSxeb</font></a></div><div style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: medium; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: -webkit-auto; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-size-adjust: auto; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; "><font size="2" face="Arial"></font> </div><div style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: medium; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: -webkit-auto; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-size-adjust: auto; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; "><font size="2" face="Arial">Read the report:</font></div><div style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: medium; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: -webkit-auto; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-size-adjust: auto; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; "><a href="http://www.jubileedebtcampaign.org.uk/pakistan"><font size="2" face="Arial">http://www.jubileedebtcampaign.org.uk/pakistan</font></a></div><div style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: medium; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: -webkit-auto; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-size-adjust: auto; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; "><font size="2" face="Arial"></font> </div><div style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: medium; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: -webkit-auto; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-size-adjust: auto; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; "><font size="2" face="Arial">See our article in the Guardian:</font></div><div style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: medium; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: -webkit-auto; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-size-adjust: auto; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; "><font size="2" face="Arial"></font> </div><div style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: medium; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: -webkit-auto; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-size-adjust: auto; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; "><a href="http://www.guardian.co.uk/global-development/poverty-matters/2013/may/21/pakistan-new-government-development-debt"><font size="2" face="Arial">http://www.guardian.co.uk/global-development/poverty-matters/2013/may/21/pakistan-new-government-development-debt</font></a></div><div style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: medium; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: -webkit-auto; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-size-adjust: auto; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; "><font size="2" face="Arial"></font> </div><div style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: medium; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: -webkit-auto; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-size-adjust: auto; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; "><div style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; "><font face="Arial"><font size="2"><st1:country-region><st1:place><b>Pakistan</b></st1:place></st1:country-region><b>'s new government must put development before debt repayment<o:p></o:p></b></font></font></div><div style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; "><font face="Arial"><font size="2"><i>With an economy paralysed by IMF interference,<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span></i><st1:country-region><st1:place><i>Pakistan</i></st1:place></st1:country-region><i><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>could reassert its independence by halting debt repayments<o:p></o:p></i></font></font></div><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; "><font size="2" face="Arial"></font> </p><div style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; "><font face="Arial"><font size="2">No matter which government<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><st1:country-region><st1:place>Pakistan</st1:place></st1:country-region>'s people had voted for last week, the debt payments the country is scheduled to make in the next two years will largely decide that government's economic policy. That is, unless the government decides to put its people ahead of those repayments. Given the scale of problems<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><st1:country-region><st1:place>Pakistan</st1:place></st1:country-region><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>faces, is it possible that a sovereign economic agenda could find its way on to the table?<o:p></o:p></font></font></div><div style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; "><o:p><font size="2" face="Arial"> </font></o:p></div><div style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; "><font face="Arial"><font size="2"><st1:country-region><st1:place>Pakistan</st1:place></st1:country-region>'s economy has been paralysed by its debt, run up by military juntas, the<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><st1:country-region><st1:place>US</st1:place></st1:country-region>'s "war on terror", natural disasters and "austerity loans" from the International Monetary Fund (IMF). The country's debt has doubled since 2006 – reaching nearly $60bn. Worse is to come; Pakistan is expected to spend more than $6bn repaying debt next year – impossible without more loans, sharp austerity or running down the country's already depleted reserves.<o:p></o:p></font></font></div><div style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; "><o:p><font size="2" face="Arial"> </font></o:p></div><div style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; "><font face="Arial"><font size="2">While the pummelling of northern<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><st1:country-region><st1:place>Pakistan</st1:place></st1:country-region><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>by unmanned<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><st1:country-region><st1:place>US</st1:place></st1:country-region><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>drones continues to fan the flames of extremism, the debt crisis provides the public with further evidence that their lives are expendable. In a country where 50 million people live below the poverty line and 35 million are undernourished, the debt squeeze is tantamount to economic torture, more so considering how these debts were run up.<o:p></o:p></font></font></div><div style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; "><o:p><font size="2" face="Arial"> </font></o:p></div><div style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; "><font face="Arial"><font size="2">Debt has helped perpetuate the rule of<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><st1:country-region><st1:place>Pakistan</st1:place></st1:country-region>'s military governments – specifically that of General Musharraf under whom debt ballooned as the war on terror got under way and the financial crisis began. A report by Islamic Relief and Jubilee Debt Campaign (pdf) on Tuesday shows, however, that this "dictator debt" is just one element of a mountain of debt that has done nothing to help<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><st1:country-region><st1:place>Pakistan</st1:place></st1:country-region>'s people.<o:p></o:p></font></font></div><div style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; "><o:p><font size="2" face="Arial"> </font></o:p></div><div style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; "><font face="Arial"><font size="2">From 1998<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><st1:country-region><st1:place>Pakistan</st1:place></st1:country-region><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>was lent $500m by the World Bank and others to build a drainage project to improve land irrigation. This might have been a good thing, if it had worked. But it was so badly constructed that the project increased, rather than decreased, the salinity of the land and seriously damaged ecosystems. In 2003 flooding, partially caused by the drainage project, killed more than 300 people.<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><st1:country-region><st1:place>Pakistan</st1:place></st1:country-region><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>has just start repaying the World Bank (with interest) for the project.<o:p></o:p></font></font></div><div style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; "><o:p><font size="2" face="Arial"> </font></o:p></div><div style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; "><font face="Arial"><font size="2">The most persistent lender to<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><st1:country-region><st1:place>Pakistan</st1:place></st1:country-region><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>is the IMF. Although the IMF is only supposed to lend for short-term balance of payments crises, it has lent to<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><st1:country-region><st1:place>Pakistan</st1:place></st1:country-region><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>frequently since 1971. As always, the IMF insists on austerity and restructuring as a condition of its "help" – with no apparent limit on how long its policies are allowed to fail.<o:p></o:p></font></font></div><div style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; "><o:p><font size="2" face="Arial"> </font></o:p></div><div style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; "><font face="Arial"><font size="2">The IMF's loans have made<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><st1:country-region><st1:place>Pakistan</st1:place></st1:country-region><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>a more unequal country. One condition the IMF imposed was to increase sales tax and cut trade taxes. Over the 1980s and 1990s, as a result, taxes on the poorest households increased by 7%, while falling by 15% for the richest. In 2010 the IMF tried to remove fuel subsidies, leading to a price increase that nearly toppled the government, which reversed the policy and was sent into a prolonged crisis by the withdrawal of IMF support.<o:p></o:p></font></font></div><div style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; "><o:p><font size="2" face="Arial"> </font></o:p></div><div style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; "><font face="Arial"><font size="2">The debt on which these unjust loans were based keeps this strategic nation exactly where world leaders want it – in absolute dependency. How else would they get away with such blatant attacks against a sovereign nation? The IMF is waiting just behind the electoral curtain to negotiate yet another loan package.<o:p></o:p></font></font></div><div style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; "><o:p><font size="2" face="Arial"> </font></o:p></div><div style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; "><font face="Arial"><font size="2">But there is an alternative. There is a growing movement in<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><st1:country-region><st1:place>Pakistan</st1:place></st1:country-region><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>for suspension of debt payments, a full audit, and repudiation of debts regarded as illegitimate. Both the former government and opposition parties agreed to a bipartisan debt examination. Last summer,<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><st1:country-region><st1:place>Pakistan</st1:place></st1:country-region>'s national assembly formed a committee to begin investigating. Since 2010 there have been consistent calls from senior political figures for debt relief.<o:p></o:p></font></font></div><div style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; "><o:p><font size="2" face="Arial"> </font></o:p></div><div style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; "><font face="Arial"><font size="2">Ending debt payments would give<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><st1:country-region><st1:place>Pakistan</st1:place></st1:country-region><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>time to develop new sources of revenue to start building an alternative development path – based on redistributive taxes from wealthy land-owning elites, large-scale non-military public spending, and the regulation of foreign capital and aid to ensure long-term investment in domestic industry.<o:p></o:p></font></font></div><div style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; "><o:p><font size="2" face="Arial"> </font></o:p></div><div style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; "><font face="Arial"><font size="2">None of this sounds like the kind of action the government would be eager to embrace. However, the challenges the new prime minister Nawaz Sharif faces are considerable: an economic and social crisis, deeply unpopular<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><st1:country-region><st1:place>US</st1:place></st1:country-region><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>attacks on his country and a fragmented political landscape that his party doesn't control. Power shifts rapidly in<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><st1:country-region><st1:place>Pakistan</st1:place></st1:country-region>, as Sharif experienced when ousted by Musharraf in 1999.<o:p></o:p></font></font></div><div style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; "><o:p><font size="2" face="Arial"> </font></o:p></div><div style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; "><font size="2" face="Arial">Could the economic path that benefits the majority of<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><st1:country-region><st1:place>Pakistan</st1:place></st1:country-region>'s people suddenly become the one that also maintains a governing party in power beyond a few years? Stranger things have happened.</font></div></div><div style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: medium; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: -webkit-auto; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-size-adjust: auto; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; "><font size="2" face="Arial"></font> </div><div style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: medium; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: -webkit-auto; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-size-adjust: auto; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; "> </div><div style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: medium; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: -webkit-auto; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-size-adjust: auto; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; "><br class="webkit-block-placeholder"></div><span style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: medium; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: -webkit-auto; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-size-adjust: auto; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); display: inline !important; float: none; ">--<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span></span><br style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: medium; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: -webkit-auto; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-size-adjust: auto; 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